How Do Irrigation Systems Work?

Commercial irrigation systems are essential components of modern landscape management for businesses, institutions, and large-scale properties. These sophisticated networks of water delivery mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining healthy, attractive outdoor spaces while optimizing water usage and reducing labor costs. From corporate campuses and shopping centers to sports fields and public parks, commercial irrigation systems ensure consistent and efficient watering of diverse plant life, regardless of the scale or complexity of the landscape.

“By incorporating smart controllers, sensors, and a variety of water delivery methods, commercial irrigation systems can adapt to changing environmental conditions, comply with water conservation regulations, and significantly reduce a property’s water footprint.”

Chris Kujawa

President, CEO of KEI

At their core, these irrigation systems automate the process of landscape watering, leveraging advanced technologies to deliver precise amounts of water where and when it’s needed most. By incorporating smart controllers, sensors, and a variety of water delivery methods, commercial irrigation systems can adapt to changing environmental conditions, comply with water conservation regulations, and significantly reduce a property’s water footprint.

This introduction to commercial irrigation systems will explore the key components that make these systems work, highlighting how each element contributes to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of landscape irrigation in commercial settings.

Ornamental Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) - KEI - Oak Creek, WI

Here’s an overview of what it typically includes:

Water source: Commercial irrigation systems in Wisconsin typically rely on municipal water supplies, private wells, or natural water bodies. Municipal sources offer reliability but may come with usage restrictions. Wells provide independence but require permits and regular testing. Drawing from natural water bodies necessitates special permits to protect Wisconsin’s water resources.
Pump system: Robust pumps are essential for moving water efficiently across large commercial properties. These pumps are carefully sized based on factors like property layout, required water pressure, and flow rate needs. In Wisconsin, pumps must be capable of handling temperature variations and high summer water demands.
Control system: Modern irrigation systems employ sophisticated controllers for precise scheduling and water management. These often include programmable timers, weather-based adjustments, and remote access capabilities. In Wisconsin, freeze sensors are commonly incorporated to prevent system damage during cold snaps.
Distribution network: The system’s backbone consists of a network of pipes typically PVC or polyethylene, buried below the front line (generally 4-5 feet deep in Wisconsin). This network includes mainlines, lateral lines, and valves to control water flow to different zones across the property.
Sprinkler heads: Various types of sprinkler heads are used depending on the area’s needs, including rotors for large turf areas, spray heads for smaller spaces, and drip irrigation for precise plant watering. In Wisconsin, durable heads resistant to freeze-thaw cycles are preferred.
Sensors: To optimize water use, systems often incorporate soil moisture sensors, rain sensors, and weather stations. These are particularly crucial in Wisconsin for managing water use during both drought conditions and periods of excess rainfall.
Winterization: Given Wisconsin’s harsh winters, proper winterization is essential. This process involves blowing water out of all components, insulating or removing above-ground parts, and completely shutting down and draining the system to prevent freeze damage.

Black-Eyed Susan Flowers (Rudbeckia Fulgida) - KEI - Oak Creek, WI

These components work in concert to create an efficient, responsive irrigation system capable of maintaining healthy commercial landscapes while conserving water in Wisconsin’s varied climate. The design and operation of these systems must account for the state’s unique environmental conditions and regulations.

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